What is the Use of DNA?

Synthesis is initiated in eukaryotic cells by an autonomous replicating sequence. Synthesis is bidirectional, both strands being replicated at once, and the original strands separating as replication takes step forward. This is achieved by the helicase enzyme, which separates the strands (648). Because synthesis altogether bumps in the 5' to 3' direction, the first concatenation replicated is compoundd continuously, but the second chain is synthesized discontinuously. Termination of DNA replication occurs with the replication enzyme telomerase, which adds telomere repeats at the intercept of the lagging chain.

3. Transcription is the process by which ribonucleic acid bondage atomic number 18 made from DNA templates (Devlin, 1997, 689). The reaction is catalyzed by enzymes know as ribonucleic acid polymerases which do not require a primer molecule. The reaction takes place in the cell kernel or the mitochondrial matrix in eukaryotic cells. Transcription takes place in three parts: the initiation phase is when the RNA polymerase recognizes an active gene starting point and the bond physical composition process begins; the elongation phase is the actual synthesis of the RNA chain; the third phase is the termination and release phase, where the get down chain is ended and released from the DNA chain it has transcribed.

Each organization begins and ends with the recognition of specific sites on the DNA template (Devlin 1997, 690). write down regions argon known as promoters. RNA polymerases all synthesize RNA in the 5' to 3' dir

49. microbic antagonism is a process whereby pathogenic microorganisms are check from colonizing healthy organisms by normal flora (Abedon, 1998). This fucking occur by competition for nutrients, competition for space, or the production of toxins which are harmful to some pathogenic microorganisms.

Lutwick, L. I., & Bron, Y.

(2003). Picornavirus-Overview.

Kaiser, G. E. (2004). Classification of the three compass system. Retrieved at:

47. The main portals of entry for unsoundness are: the skin, the mucose membranes, the placenta, the respiratory bundle and the parenteral route (Infection, 2040). The respiratory tract is the most preferred portal of entry.

50. Zoonosis is a malady that can be transferred from animals to humans (Uretsky, 2004). Examples of such diseases and the animals which carry them are: bats carry rabies and other viral diseases which can infect humans; cats can carry the organisms which cause the disgust, anthrax, cowpox, tapeworms, and more bacterial infections; dogs can carry anthrax, rabies, Rocky Mountain spotted Fever, Lyme disease, and tapeworms; horses can carry anthrax, rabies and Salmonella infections; and rabbits can carry the plague and Q-fever.

2) The bacteria must be isolated from the host with the disease and grown in pure culture

http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/224/Parasitol.html

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